Nearly one in three women in the European Union has experienced physical or sexual violence during her lifetime, according to a new survey conducted the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights and the European Institute for Gender Equality. The findings reveal that while prevalence remains high, most cases are never reported to authorities.
The survey, based on interviews with almost 115,000 women aged between 18 and 74 conducted from September 2020 to March 2024, found that 30.7 percent of women across the bloc have experienced violence. Although this marks a slight decrease from the 33 percent recorded in a similar survey in 2012, researchers stress that the scale of abuse remains deeply concerning.
Reporting levels remain particularly low. Only 11.3 percent of women who suffered physical or sexual violence non partners reported the abuse to police. For violence committed intimate partners, the figure drops to just 6.1 percent. The data highlights a persistent gap between lived experiences and formal justice systems.
Common reasons cited for not reporting include shame, self blame, fear of retaliation and lack of trust in law enforcement institutions. Limited awareness of available support services and barriers in accessing assistance were also identified as key factors discouraging victims from seeking help.
Beyond physical and sexual abuse, the study found that psychological violence, economic abuse and online harassment are widespread across the EU. These forms of violence often remain less visible but can have long term social and economic consequences for victims.
The survey also revealed significant variations between member states. Finland recorded the highest prevalence rate, with 57.1 percent of women reporting experiences of violence. Sweden and Denmark followed with 52.5 percent and 47.5 percent respectively. In contrast, Bulgaria reported the lowest rate at 11.9 percent.
This divergence has been described researchers as the Nordic paradox. Countries widely recognised for strong gender equality frameworks often report higher levels of disclosed violence. Experts suggest that this may reflect differences in reporting behaviour, social awareness or perceptions of what constitutes violence rather than necessarily higher actual incidence.
European institutions have expressed concern over the findings. Officials emphasised that combating violence against women and domestic abuse remains a priority within the EU policy agenda. Member states are under legal obligations to prevent violence, protect victims and ensure access to justice.
The data underscores the ongoing challenge of translating legislative commitments into effective protection on the ground. While awareness of gender based violence has increased in recent years, the survey indicates that systemic gaps in reporting, support and prevention persist across the bloc.
As policymakers continue to debate measures aimed at strengthening victim protection and improving data collection, the survey serves as a reminder that violence against women remains one of the most pressing fundamental rights issues facing Europe today.
